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Five years ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that all girls and young women be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus that is a key cause of cervical cancer. Members of a CDC advisory panel have now voted unanimously that boys and young men should also get the vaccine.

Why? Males can鈥檛 get cervical cancer. But they do contribute to it by spreading HPV to women through sexual activity. So vaccinating boys and young men against the virus will help prevent its transmission to women. Vaccination will also help prevent some of the 7,000 HPV-related cancers that occur in men each year, said Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the CDC鈥檚 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, during a press briefing. These include cancers of the penis, anus, head, neck, and throat. HPV also causes genital warts in both men and women. (You can read a transcript of the entire briefing or listen to it .)

About 20 million Americans have HPV; the vast majority don鈥檛 know it. In most people infected with HPV, the immune system wards off the virus and it never causes any problems. But anyone with HPV can spread it by skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Since there is no clinical test available to diagnose the infection, immunization is currently our best shot at protecting against HPV-related disease.

Vaccination entails 聽three shots spread over a six-month period. Total cost: $300 to $400. The vaccine works best when a child gets it before he or she becomes sexually active. That鈥檚 why the CDC recommends giving it to girls and boys before age 13. It can be given as late as age 26 in women and age 21 in men, but isn鈥檛 nearly as effective. Keep in mind that the vaccine isn鈥檛 a magic bullet鈥攊t covers the four main types of disease-causing HPV, but there are other strains that can also cause disease.

So far, only about one-third of girls eligible for vaccination against HPV have gotten all three shots. 鈥淢any parents of pre-teens don鈥檛 okay the vaccine because they aren鈥檛 ready to think about their child someday having sex,鈥� says Dr. Henry Bernstein, professor of pediatrics at Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and a medical advisor to 天博体育 Publishing.

Making the HPV vaccine part of the routine series of vaccines for all youths may help remove some of the negative implications associated with getting it. It can also increase 鈥渉erd immunity鈥濃�攖he more people who are vaccinated against a virus, the less that virus can circulate in the community. (You can see how herd immunity works at health.harvard.edu/herd-immunity.)

It is remarkable to be able to prevent cancer with an antiviral vaccine. Yet immunizing a daughter or son against a sexually transmitted virus she or he might pick up later in life is uncharted territory. What will you decide for your young鈥檜n?